Changes in urine colour, smell, or how often you go can sometimes show changes in your health. Normal urine is usually light yellow with a mild scent. Small shifts in colour or smell are usually harmless, but if they stay unusual or get worse, it might be wise to talk to a healthcare provider.
Watching for these signs is a simple way to keep track of your hydration and notice any possible health issues early on.
Here are urine colours and what each says about your health
Clear or Very Light Yellow
Clear or very pale yellow urine typically shows you’re well-hydrated. This is usually a good sign, but if your urine is always clear, it might mean you’re drinking a bit too much water, which could lower your salt levels.
Light to Medium Yellow
This is considered a healthy, normal urine colour. Light yellow shows you’re staying well-hydrated without overdoing it.
Dark Yellow to Amber
Dark yellow or amber-coloured urine often suggests you need more water. Dark yellow is common in the morning or after exercise when water intake is lower. It’s usually fixed by drinking more water.
Orange
Dehydration can make urine orange, but other factors may also be at play. High levels of beta-carotene (like from carrots) or some medications can cause this colour. Persistent orange urine could also indicate liver or bile issues, so check with a doctor if it doesn’t clear up.
Pink or Red
This could be from certain foods, like beets or berries, but it can also mean blood is present. While food can affect the colour, pink or red urine may signal kidney issues, infections, or kidney stones. If you can’t link it to diet, see a healthcare provider.
Brown or Cola-Coloured
Brown or dark urine may indicate dehydration or a more serious issue. This colour could be due to severe dehydration or problems with the liver or kidneys. A condition called rhabdomyolysis, where muscle tissue breaks down, can also cause brown urine. Seek medical advice if you see this colour regularly.
Blue or Green
This is rare, but some medications, dyes, or health conditions can make urine appear blue or green. Certain medications or foods with strong dyes might be the cause, but a condition called hypercalcemia (high calcium) may also be responsible. While often harmless, persistent blue or green urine warrants a chat with your doctor.
Cloudy or Milky
Cloudy urine can point to an infection or too many minerals. This could mean you have a urinary tract infection, kidney stones, or mild dehydration. Cloudy urine may also result from excess proteins or fats.
